ߘߎ߱
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| ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߘߌ߫ | Earth-Moon system  |
|---|---|
| ߟߊߝߟߐߕߎߡߊ | ߛߊ߲߭ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߫ 4540 ߌ.ߡ.ߢ |
| ߕߐ߮ ߞߣߊ ߘߐ߫ | ちきゅう |
| ߊ߬ ߕߐ߮ ߡߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ߣߍ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߝߍ߬ | soil, land, ball |
| ߦߙߐ | inner Solar System, circumstellar habitable zone, Milky Way, Local Group |
| ߕߟߋ߬ߓߐ ߞߐߞߘߐߟߊ ߡߌ߬ߘߊ߬ߖߟߎ | ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ ߕߴߦߋ߲߬ |
| ߞߐߘߎ | ߉߀°߀′߀″N ߀°߀′߀″E |
| ߥߙߏ߬ߘߎ߮ ߞߐߞߘߐߟߊ ߡߌ߬ߘߊ߬ߖߟߎ | ߉߀°߀′߀″S ߀°߀′߀″E |
| Coordinates of westernmost point | ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ ߕߴߦߋ߲߬ |
| ߦߙߐ߫ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߣߍ߲ | ߋߝ߭ߊߙߍߛ ߞߎ߬ߙߎ |
| ߦߙߐ߫ ߡߊߖߌ߰ߣߍ߲ | Challenger Deep |
| ߘߊ߲ߓߊ | ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ ߕߴߦߋ߲߬ |
| Catalog code | 806.4616.0110 |
| ߊ߬ ߞߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ | ߘߎ߱ ߟߐ߲ߞߏ ߘߏ߫ ߟߎ߬, geology, geophysics, planetary science |
| ߊ߬ ߡߏߦߌߓߊ߮ ߛߊ߲ߡߊߛߓߍ ߝߊ߬ߘߌ | ߕߋ߬ߟߋ |
| ߖߊ߰ߟߋ ߛߎ߯ߦߊ | heliocentric orbit |
| Dissolved, abolished or demolished date | ߡߐ߬ߟߐ߲߬ ߡߊߟߐ߲ߓߊߟߌ |
| Hashtag | Earth |
| ߖߡߊ߬ߣߊ߫ ߖߏ߲߬ߖߏ߲ | flag of the Earth |
| ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ | world geography |
| ߊ߬ ߘߎ߲߬ߘߎ߲߬ߡߦߊ߬ߣߍ߲߫ | mass of the Earth, Earth's magnetic field, planetary habitability, geologic activity, narrative location |
| ߘߐ߬ߝߐ | human history, ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ߫ ߘߐ߬ߝߐ߫ ߥߛߎ߬ ߣߊ߯ߣߌ߲߫ ߕߐ߬ߝߍ߬ߦߊ߫, geological history of Earth |
| Manifestation of | open system |
| Notation | Earth symbol |
| Shape | geoid |
| Epoch | J2000.0 |
| Demographics of topic | |
| WordLift URL | http://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/earth |
| Stack Exchange tag | https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/tags/earth, https://physics.stackexchange.com/tags/earth |
| Unicode character | 🜨, ♁ |
| ߛߌ߬ߣߊ | sky |
ߢߊ߬ߝߐ߬ߟߌ ߣߌ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߎߡߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ (ߘߎ߱ (ߛߜ߭ߌ߬ߣߌ߬: .svg){kind=small}
) ) ߟߊ߫ ߞߏ ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߡߐ߱ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ (ߘߎߢߊ)߸ ߥߟߊ߫ (ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ) ߥߟߊ߫ (ߖߊ߯ߓߊߟߌ ߘߎ߱). ߖߊ߯ߓߊߟߌ߫ ߛߓߊߣߊ߲.
ߘߎ߱ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߕߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲ߞߋ ߖߊ߯ߓߊߟߌ߫ ߛߓߊߣߊ߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߟߐ߲ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߛߊ߲ߡߊߛߓߍ ߝߋ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߓߘߊ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߓߎ߯ ߟߊ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߞߊ߲߬. ߥߎߦߊ߲ߕߎ߬ߟߋ ߟߊ߫ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ߬ߘߊ߰ߦߊ߬ߟߌ ߣߌ߫ ߡߊ߬ߛߊ߬ߡߊ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߣߌ߫ ߝߋ߲߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߕߍ߫ ߝߏ߬ߣߊ߲߬ߕߍ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߜߋ߲ߜߋ߲߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ߸ ߘߎ߱ ߟߊ߫ ߖߊ߯ߓߊߟߌ߫ ߛߎ߲ߞߎ߲ߡߊ߫ ߞߋߟߋ߲. ߘߎ߱ ߦߋ߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ ߖߊ߰ߟߋ ߟߊߞߎߙߊ߲߫ ߠߊ߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ
߃߆߆.߂߅ ߟߋ߬ ߞߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߡߊߟߐ߲߫ ߕߐ߮ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߟߊ߫ ߛߊ߲߭ ߠߋ߬ ߘߌ߫. ߘߎ߱ ߦߴߊ߬ ߕߙߎߕߙߎ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ ߢߊߞߘߐ߫ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߏ߬ ߞߘߐ߫ ߛߋ߲߬ߧߊ߫ ߃߆߆.߂߆. ߘߎ߱ ߡߊ߬ߖߍ߲߬ߞߍ߬ߟߌ߬ ߕߍߡߊߓߟߐ ߏ߬ ߦߴߊ߬ ߡߊߖߍ߲߬ߞߍ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߓߍ߲߬ ߘߎ߱ ߟߊ߫ ߞߊߡߊ߲ ߝߊ߲߬ߝߘߊ߬ߧߊ ߟߋ߬ ߡߊ߬߸ ߞߊ߬ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߥߟߏ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߞߊ߲߬. ߘߎ߱ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊߙߏ ߟߊ߫ ߞߍߢߐ߲߯ߠߊ ߢߐ߲߯ߡߊߛߊߡߊ߲ߠߞߊ ߟߋ߬ ߣߐ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߲߬ߓߏ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊߘߊ߲߫ ߠߊ߫ (ߞߐ߰ߖߌ) ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߞߊ߬ ߘߎ߱ ߟߊߛߌ߲ߠߌ߲ ߓߊߛߌ߰ ߊ߬ ߕߍߡߊߓߟߐ ߟߎ߬ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߡߊ߬ߖߍ߲߬ߞߍ߬ߟߌ ߝߣߊ߫ ߓߊߛߌ߮. ߘߎ߱ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߕߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲ߞߋ ߖߊ߯ߓߊߟߌ ߓߍ߯ ߘߐ߫ ߜߝߐ߬ߣߍ߲ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߞߎ߲߬ߓߊ߫ ߖߊ߯ߓߊߟߌ߫ ߘߎ߰ߟߊ߬ߞߊ ߟߎ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߘߌ߫. ߘߎ߱ ߜߙߋߞߙߋ ߘߐߕߟߊߣߍ߲߫ ߘߎ߰ߝߘߊ߬ߦߟߍ߬ߞߏ߬ ߦߙߌߞߊ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߝߎ߲ߘߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߛߐ߲߬ ߞߊ߬ ߣߊ߬ ߘߎ߱ ߞߐߞߊ߲߬ ߛߊ߲߭ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߬ ߦߙߌߞߊ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߊ߮ ߞߘߐ߫. ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ ߞߐߞߊ߲ߠߊ %߇߁ ߡߊߕߎߣߎ߲ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߖߌ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߜߋ߲ߜߋ߲ ߘߐ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ. ߊ߬ ߕߐ߬ %߂߉ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߛߏ߯ߙߏߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߜߙߋ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߕߌ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߝߣߊ߫ ߛߏ߯ߙߏߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ߬ߘߟߊ ߟߎ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߓߊ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߖߌߡߊߦߙߐ ߕߐ߬ߡߊ ߟߎ߬߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߖߌߡߐ߲ߕߐ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߌ߫. ߘߎ߱ ߓߊߙߌ ߝߊ߲߬ ߞߋߟߋ߲ ߡߊߕߎߣߎ߲ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߣߍߣߍߛߌ߲ߓߌ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߜߋ߲ߜߋ߲ ߘߐ߫ ߜߟߌߟߌߓߊ ߝߋߟߋ߲߸ ߞߐ߬ߘߎ߮ ߓߊ߬ߙߌ ߜߟߌߟߌߘߎ߮ ߕߊ߫ ߜߟߌߟߌߘߎ߯. ߘߎ߱ ߞߘߐߟߊ ߦߋ߫ ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߡߊ߬ߥߏ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߣߍ߰ ߝߊ߬ߛߊ߲߬ߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫, ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߐߞߊ߲߬ ߞߌߘߌ߲߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߣߍ߰ߛߎߓߊ߮ ߞߣߍ ߥߟߏ߫ ߟߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߊ߲߬ߓߌߟߊ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߝߘߊ߬ߦߟߍ߬ߞߏ ߟߎ߫ ߟߊߛߌ߲߫ ߠߊ߫. ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߓߐ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ ߘߐ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߛߊ߲߬ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߝߟߐ ߥߊ߯ߕߌ ߟߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߡߐ߲ߕߐ߲ ߣߌ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߞߐߞߊ߲ߠߊ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫, ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߝߊ߬ߘߌ߬ߞߋ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߓߎ߮ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߞߐߞߊ߲߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߝߢߐߡߌߘߟߊ ߣߌ߫ ߝߢߐߡߌߘߊߓߊߟߌ ߟߎ߬. ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ ߘߊ߬ߟߎ ߘߏ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߕߊ߫ ߝߐߟߌ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߏ߫ ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߟߊߞߏߟߐ߲߫ ߘߎ߱ ߞߐߞߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߛߊ߲߬ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߄.߁ ߠߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߣߌ߲߬. ߞߊ߬ߦߌ߯ ߥߊ߯ߕߌ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߟߊ߫ ߛߊ߫߸ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ ߣߌ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߕߍߟߊ ߛߏ߯ߙߏߟߌ߸ ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߘߐ߬ߞߏ ߕߌ߰ߦߊ ߡߊ߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߘߎ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߓߍ ߘߐ߬ߝߐ߸ ߏ߬
ߟߋ ߞߵߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߕߎ߬ߜߍ߬ߕߎ߬ߜߍ߬ ߘߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߓߎ߯. ߘߎ߱ ߞߊ߲߬ ߣߌߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߓߘߊ߫ ߛߌߟߛߊߟߌ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߥߛߎ߬ ߖߊ߲߫ ߠߋ߬ ߞߘߐ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߟߊ߫ ߘߐ߬ߝߐ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߊ߮ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߝߊ߲߭ ߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߛߌߟߛߊߟߌ ߥߓߊ߬ߞߏ߬ߞߍ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫. ߣߌߡߊ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߓߘߊ߫ ߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫%߉߉ ߟߎ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߓߘߊ߫ ߛߌߟߊߛߊ߬. ߘߎ߱ ߞߊ߲߬ ߣߌߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߖߊ߬ߕߋ߬ߡߌ߬ߘߊ߬ߟߌ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߓߌ߬ ߕߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߝߐߣߍ߲߫ ߠߋ߫ ߢߐ߲߯ ߞߐ߫, ߘߎ߱ ߣߌߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߝߊ߲߬ߓߊ ߡߊ߬ ߓߊ߲߫ ߛߙߍߘߍߦߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߡߎߣߎ߲߬. ߡߐ߰ߣߍ߲߬ߝߌ߲ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߇.߆ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߞߊ߲߬ ߕߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߟߊ߫ ߣߌߡߦߊ ߘߎ߲ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߞߍ߲ߘߍߓߐ߯ߝߍ ߟߎ߫ ߣߌ߫ ߛߎ߲ߞߎ߲ ߥߟߏߒߘߐ ߟߎ߬ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫. ߡߐ߱ ߟߎ߫ ߓߘߊ߫ ߘߍ߱ ߟߎ߫ ߟߊߛߓߊ߬ߕߌ߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߟߐ߲ߣߌ߲ߦߊ߫ ߓߐߣߍ߲ߢߐ߲߰ߡߊ ߟߎ߬. ߓߘߍ߬ߓߘߍ߬ߟߌ
ߞߊߝߏ߫ ߂߀߀ ߖߊ߬ߕߋ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߞߊ߲߬ ߕߊ߲߬. ߘߏ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߕߊ߫ ߝߐߟߌ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ ߛߊ߲߬ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߄.߅ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߢߌ߲߬.
ߕߎ߬ߡߘߊ߬ߟߐ߲߬ߘߐ߬ߦߊ
[ߊ߬ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ | ߊ߬ ߛߎ߲ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬]ߕߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲ߞߋ ߓߎ߲ߓߎ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߘߐ߫ ߞߘߐ߬ߣߍ߲߬ߓߊ ߟߎ߬ ߛߌ߭ ߦߋ߫ ߛߊ߲߭ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߄.߅߆߇߂؟. ߝߊ߬ߘߌ ߝߋ߲߫-ߋ-ߝߋ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߕߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲ߞߋ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ ߣߴߊ߬ ߕߎ߬ߜߍ߬ߕߎ߬ߜߍ߬ߟߌ
ߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ ߟߋ߬ ߝߍ߬. ߦߟߌߦߊߟߌ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߓߊ߬ߞߟߏ߬ ߝߎߢߍߡߊ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߕߍߝߘߊ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߥߎ߬ߦߊ߬ߟߌ߬ ߢߐ߲߯ߡߊߛߊߡߊ߲ߠߞߊ ߓߟߏ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ ߟߊ߬ߓߎ߲߰ߠߊ߬ߞߊ ߘߏ߫ ߘߌ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߞߵߊ߬ ߕߙߎߕߙߎ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬߸ ߞߊ߬ ߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߘߐߝߘߍ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߞߴߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߕߟߋ߬ߞߐ߬ߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ ߝߜߍߟߋ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߘߌ߫, ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߖߊ߯ߓߊߟߌ ߟߎ߬ ߦߙߌߥߊ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߝߜߍ߬ߟߋ߲ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ ߞߐߞߊ߲߬. ߥߊߦߌ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߣߍߣߍߛߌ߲ߓߌ߫ ߞߌߛߍ ߟߎ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߟߊ߬ߓߎ߲߮ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߜߊ߲߬ߜߊ߲ (ߞߵߏ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߟߊ߫ ߜߊ߲߬ߜߊ߲߬ ߝߕߌߡߊ ߞߊ߲߬). ߟߊ߬ߓߎ߲߰ߠߊ߬ߞߊ ߦߟߌߦߊߟߌ ߕߊ߫ ߝߐߟߌ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߏ߫ ߖߊ߯ߓߊߟߌߝߎߍ߲ = (ߔߑߟߊߣߍߕߑߛߌߡߊߟ) ߟߎ߬ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߞߊߘߌߞߊߘߟߌ ߟߋ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߘߎ߰ߞߟߏ ߞߎ߲߬ߝߟߐ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ (mys) ߛߊ߲߬ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߬ ߁߀ ߥߟߊ߫ ߂߀ ߢߐ߲߰ ߠߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊߙߏ ߝߣߊ߫ ߟߊߘߊ߲߫ ߘߊ߫ ߛߊ߲߭ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߄.߅߃ ߢߐ߲߰ ߠߊ߫. ߖߌ߰ߟߌ߬ ߡߊߟߐ߲ߣߍ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߕߊ߫ ߝߐߟߌ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߏ߫ ߤߐߞߎ ߢߐ߲߰ ߝߋ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߓߋ߬ߣߍ߲ ߘߎ߱ ߞߊ߲߬ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߞߟߌ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߏ߫ ߕߋߟߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߖߛߐߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߓߐ߬ߓߐ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫. ߢߊ߬ߝߐ߬ߟߌ ߏ߬ ߕߊ߫ ߝߐߟߌ߫ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߏ߫ ߕߋߟߊ߫ ߟߝߊߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ %߁߀ ߠߋ߬ ߟߊ߫. ߊ߬ ߞߊ߬ ߘߎ߱ ߥߊ߬ߟߏ߲߬ ߢߡߊߞߊߘߌ߫ ߞߋߟߋ߲߫ ߢߐ߲߭ ߠߋ߬ ߞߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߊ߬ ߝߊ߲߭ ߘߏ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߦߋ߬ߟߋ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߟߊ߫. ߞߴߊ߬ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߛߊ߲߬ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߄.߁ ߣߌ߫ (bya) ߇ ߃.߈ ߞߘߐ߫߸ ߛߊ߲ߜߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߓߍߘߍ߲ߛߍߟߌ߫ ߜߌߟߌ߲߫ ߞߐߟߕߊ ߟߎ߬ ߕߎ߬ߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊ߫. ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߛߊߓߎ߫ ߘߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߊߙߏ ߞߊ߲߬ߠߊ ߣߴߊ߬ ߓߐ߰ߝߍ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐߝߎߙߋ߲߫, ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߓߐ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߞߊ߲߬ߠߊ ߝߣߊ߫ ߟߊ߫.
ߘߎ߰ߘߐ߬ߛߓߍ ߘߐ߬ߝߐ
[ߊ߬ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ | ߊ߬ ߛߎ߲ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬]
ߘߎ߱ ߡߐ߲ߕߐ߲ ߣߴߊ߬ ߟߌ߲ߓߊ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ߫ ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߕߊߞߙߎ ߣߌ߫ ߥߊߦߌ߲ߓߐߟߌ ߟߋ߫ ߓߟߏ߫. ߖߌ ߥߙߌ߬ߟߌ ߡߍ߲ ߝߘߊߣߍ߲߫ ߊ߬ ߛߎ߲ ߠߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߛߌ߲߬ߓߌ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߝߣߊ߫ ߡߊߞߊ߬ߝߏ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߛߊ߲ߜߘߊ ߟߎ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߏߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߢߍߖߊ߯ߓߊߟߌ ߟߎ߬ ߣߍߣߍߛߌ߲ߓߌ ߟߎ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߞߵߏ߬ ߡߊߞߊ߬ߝߏ߬. "ߥߊߦߌ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߣߐ߬ߟߊ߬ߖߎ߰ ߥߟߊߞߘߊߡߊ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫"߸ ߡߐ߲ߕߐ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐ߰ߖߌ ߘߐߛߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߛߌ߲߲߬ߓߌ߬ߟߌ ߡߊ߬߸ ߞߴߊ߬ ߕߘߍ߬ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ ߞߣߍߦߊ ߕߘߍ߬ ߕߍ߫ ߘߏ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߘߴߊ߬ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ߫ ߕߎߡߊ ߟߊ߫߸ ߝߴߊ߬ ߓߌ߬ߡߊ ߣߌ߲߬ %߇߀ ߖߊ߬ߕߋ߬ ߘߎ߱ ߣߍ߰ߛߎߓߊ߮ ߘߐߓߍ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߛߊ߲߭ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߫ ߃.߅ ߖߊ߬ߕߋ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߛߊ߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ ߝߢߐ ߞߊߣߊ߬ ߡߐ߲ߕߐ߲ ߘߐߕߌߢߍ߫. ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߝߊ߬ߘߊ ߘߏ߫ ߟߊߘߊ߲߫ ߘߊ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߞߐߞߊ߲ߠߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߊ߬ ߘߎ߱ ߞߐߞߊ߲ߠߊ ߓߙߏ߬ߣߍ߲ ߏ߬ ߘߐߖߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߦߌߟߡߊ ߝߌ߬ߟߊ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߜߙߋ ߟߎ߬ ߢߊ߲ߞߊ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߊ߲߬ߠߊߕߍ߰ ߞߏ ߝߐ߫ ߟߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߎߡߊ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߜߙߋ ߟߎ߬ ߘߊ߲߬ߠߊߕߍ߰ ߞߏ ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߞߊ߬ ߥߴߊ߬ ߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߓߌ߬ߡߊ ߣߌ߲߬ ߢߊ߲ߞߊ߲ ߠߊ߫, ߢߊ߬ߝߐ߬ߟߌ ߏ߬ ߦߴߊ߬ ߦߌ߬ߘߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߴߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߘߊ߲߫ ߘߊ߫ ߞߊߟߌߦߊ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߟߋ߬߸ ߘߎ߱ ߟߊ߫ ߘߐ߬ߝߐ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߊ߬ ߜߙߋ߫ ߜߙߋߟߞߊ߫ ߓߊߛߌ߰ߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊߘߊ߲߫ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ߫ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߊ߰ߖߊ߲ ߞߘߐ߫. ߜߙߋ ߟߎ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߣߍ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߘߊ߲߫ ߘߊ߫ ߘߎ߰ߝߘߊ߬ߦߟߍ߬ߞߏ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߞߍ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߛߎߡߊ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫߸ ߓߊ ߘߎ߱ ߞߘߐߟߊ ߥߎߦߋ߲ ߓߘߊ߫ ߘߛߍ߫ ߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫. ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߜߙߋ߫ ߓߞߊ ߓߟߋߓߟߋ ߟߎ߬ ߘߟߊߘߍ߰ ߘߊ߫ ߛߊ߲߲߭ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߬ ߗߡߍ߬ ߦߙߌߞߊ ߟߎ߬ ߞߘߐ߫߸ ߞߊ߬ ߓߊ߲߫ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߥߐ߲߬ߓߐ ߥߟߌ߬. ߜߙߋ߫ ߓߟߋߓߟߋ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߞߋߟߋ߲߫ ߥߎ߬ߙߎ߲߬ߓߊ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫߸ ߡߍ߲ ߡߊߟߐ߲߫ ߕߐ߮ ߦߋ߫ ߙߏߘߣߌߦߊ߫ ߘߌ߫߸ ߛߊ߲߭ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߫ ߇߅߀ ߝߊ߲߭ߝߍ߬. ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߜߙߋ ߟߎ߬ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߘߟߊߘߍ߬ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߕߎ߲߯ ߛߊ߲߭ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߫ ߆0߀ ߣߌ߫ ߅߄0 ߠߎ߬ ߝߊ߲߭ߝߍ߬ ߞߊ߬ ߜߙߋ߫ ߔߊߣߏߕߌߦߊ߫ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬, ߏ߬ ߡߍ߲ ߛߊ߲߭ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߫ ߁߃߀ ߦߋ߫ ߣߌ߲߬. ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߣߍߣߍߛߌ߲ߓߌ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫߸ ߛߊ߲߭ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߬ ߄߀ ߝߊ߲߭ߝߍ߬߸ ߊ߬ ߣߊ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߘߊ߲߬ߠߊߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲߬ ߘߊ߬ߠߊ߬ߜߊ߲ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߟߊ߫ ߛߊ߲߭ ߞߋ߲߬ߥߟߎ߫ ߃ ߝߊ߲߭ߝߍ߬. ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߕߌ߲߬ߞߎߘߎ߲ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߞߐߓߋ߫ ߞߘߐߕߊ߬ߣߍ߲ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߣߍߣߍߛߌ߲ߓߌ ߏ߬ ߛߌ߲߬ߓߌ ߣߴߊ߬ ߥߋ߲߬ߛߋ߲ ߥߎ߬ߛߎ ߟߎ߬ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬߸ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߡߊߛߊ߬ߦߌ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߛߊ߲߭ ߀߀߀ ߀߀߀ߺ ߁߀߀.߀߀߀ ߓߍ߯ ߞߘߐ߫. ߜߙߋ ߟߎ߬ ߣߍߣߍߛߌ߲ߓߌߦߊ ߟߊߓߊ߲ ߓߊ߲ ߛߊ߲߬ ߁߀߀.߀߀߀ ߟߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߣߌ߲߬.
ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߢߊ ߣߌ߫ ߕߎ߬ߜߍ߬ߕߎ߬ߜߍ߬ߟߌ
[ߊ߬ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬ | ߊ߬ ߛߎ߲ ߡߊߦߟߍ߬ߡߊ߲߬]ߘߎ߱ ߛߎ߯ߕߍߜߍߞߊߦߊ߲ߞߏ ߓߌ߲ߓߌ߲߫ ߣߍ߲߫ ߦߋ߫ ߊ.ߍߙ.ߍߣ.ߍߙ ߟߊ߫ ߖߎ߯ߓߍߟߌ ߟߋ߬ ߡߊ߬. ߖߎ߲ߛߊ ߟߊ߫ ߓߐߢߐ߲߯ߡߊߟߌ ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߬ ߝߎߢߍ߫ ߖߘߍ߬ߘߐ߬ߞߎ߲߬ߓߍ߲߬ߕߊ ߞߎ߲߬ߝߟߐ ߟߊߥߟߌ߬߸ ߏ߬ ߛߊ߲߭ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߣߊ߯ߣߌ߲߫ ߠߋ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߣߌ߲߬. ߛߊ߲߭ ߥߟߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߕߟߊ߫ ߕߊ߬ߡߌ߲ ߏ߬ ߞߐ߫߸ ߣߌߡߊ ߛߎ߯-ߎ-ߛߎ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߘߎ߱ ߞߊ߲߬ ߕߊ߲߬߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߓߐߛߎ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߘߊ߫. ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߦߋߟߋ߲ߛߏ߯ߙߏߟߌ ߕߎ߬ߜߍ߬ߕߎ߬ߜߍ߬ߟߌ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߛߊߓߎ߫ ߘߌ߫߸ ߢߣߊߡߦߊ ߟߎ߬ ߛߏ߯ߙߏ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ ߘߴߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߖߙߎߡߎ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߘߐ߫. ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߞߎ߲߰ߛߎ߲߬ ߝߎߢߍߡߊ ߟߎ߬ ߞߐߝߟߌ߫ ߘߊ߫ (o2) ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߞߎ߲߬ߘߎ߬ ߘߊ߫ ߡߐ߲ߕߐ߲ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߏ߬ ߞߐߝߟߌ ߞߍ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ ߥߎߢߊ߲ߥߎߢߊ߲ ߢߎ߰ߖߌ߬ߞߐ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߞߍߢߐ߲߯ߠߦߊ ߘߌ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߋ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊ߬ߞߊ߲߬ߘߊ߬ߟߌ߬ ߛߍ߮ߛߎ߲ ߛߎ߬ߣߐ߰ߣߍ߲ (o3)߸ ߡߐ߲ߕߐ߲ ߛߊ߲ߘߐ߫. ߏ߬ ߞߍ߸ ߝߏߋ߫ ߡߌߛߍ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߘߊ߫ ߝߏߋ߫ ߞߎ߲ߓߊ ߟߎ߬ ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߞߍ ߝߏߋ߫ ߢߣߊߓߊ߬ߛߊ߲߬ߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߦߙߌߥߊ ߘߊߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬